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The two most important things about a racing bicycle are its weight and the aerodynamic efficiency of the rider's position.
Drop handlebars and optional handlebar extensions are combined with a raised seat in order to put the rider in an aerodynamic posture.
The front and back wheels are close together so the bicycle can turn very quickly. The derailleur gear ratios are closely-spaced so that the rider can pedal at his or her optimum cadence. Race bike components (excluding frame, fork, wheelset, bars, stem, pedals, saddle and seatpost) are collectively referred to as the groupset.
The quality of the groupset determines how refined the bike feels, how much maintenance it requires, and contributes to the performance of the bike.
Some companies have different design philosophies, and some cyclists have great brand loyalty for one or the other. Other companies that produce individual components, but not whole groupsets include Full Speed Ahead (FSA). Carbon-fibre stems, handlebars, shoe soles, forks and seatposts are also increasingly commonplace, including integrated stem/handlebar combinations. The advantages of carbon fiber are low weight as well as increased vibration dampening leading to a more comfortable ride.
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